Human Being by Selvam Sivakumar. An English audiobook reading sample.

Transcript

Note: Transcripts are generated using speech recognition software and may contain errors.
human being. By Selvam Siva Kumar evolution and your ins our earth in the solar system is the only known planet capable of allowing life to exist Around 13.8 billion years ago. Big Bang explosion happened, which gave rise to the universe. Then it took millions of years for the floating rocks to solidify and form into Galaxies and solar systems, followed by millions of years. A single cell organism came into life in an ocean. These organisms then grouped themselves together to increase their survival rate. They tried various combinations called mutations to find the best possible combination of D. N. A. Sequence to survive in an environment mutation helped them to achieve enough varieties to let them fight against the attacking organisms. No one knows why we exist, but mother nature has created certain constraints under which every organism can thrive. For example, they cheetahs, it's aerodynamically designed body type, makes it one of the fastest animals, but it has its own side effects. The body temperature of a cheetah can easily reach maximum which could even kill it and its mouth is not as heavy as a lion due to its head size. Cheetahs cannot have alliance body still be able to run like it does now the constraints prevent them to overdeveloped the body parts relative to other animals. Tigers have their eyes in front, while deer have eyes sideways. This gives tigers opportunity to spot deer from a longer distance while deer due to its sideways eyes can see a wider area to help them notice a tiger when they are close by. So organisms survival is directly proportional to its ability to use the strength optimally every organism is programmed to produce its offspring and to survive when there is a tie between the two. A few animals choose sex over survival due to their instinct. Why should organisms produce offspring? Because it's easier to destroy an old car than to maintain it. Since nature has given equal opportunity to your competitor and you and there are constraints in which you can use resources, organisms uses sex to produce offspring that may not be easily affected by the enemy. It's like restructuring your house when your enemy is about to identify your place to confuse him. As we have seen earlier. We primarily want to survive and produce our next generation. As our default instinct. Sexual attractions are nature's way to make sure we reproduce sexual selection depends on strength and talent. Many animals choose their partner based on its ability to fight with other males and win. This ensures the females choose males with quality genes to have stronger offsprings. Some birds choose their partners based on their talent and building nests. Evolution in our culture have worked together. Human consumed milk only during infancy. As we domesticated animals. The lactose enzyme got mutated to support milk consumption during later ages. This allowed us to depend on milk as one of the primary sources of protein and calcium. We can see a few lactose intolerant people who cannot consume milk products because of the old UN mutated gene showing up again. Humans have taken greater advantage of evolution. We have almost beaten every animal in evolution by back enough neurons in our brain to still be able to deliver through mom's birth canal. Thanks to our malleable head, which gets harder as we grow. This is not the case with other mammals where they have a region head, which prevents them from having a larger brain. If you look at other animals, most will show their traits right away. Like dolphins are born swimming. They come pre programmed for their environment while a human child can't even walk for many months. This is our strength where we are born with a less word structure to help us accommodate almost any environments from frozen land to high mountains. Pre programmed animals can't easily learn new things and it will affect their survival rate. Human evolution and your ins cannot be separated. They form or cognitive ability. Story of neurons, neurons are the brain cells building blocks of our brain. Everything we perceive is because of the connections among neurons and electric impulse they create. So it's obvious that neurons play a bigger role in our day to day life and our behavior. Our brain is seven times larger than it should be based on the body to brain ratio found among other animals. And hence we have around 87 billion neurons. On an average adult, we have more number of neurons in the cerebral cortex which is responsible for higher cognitive functions and intelligence. That is the reason an elephant which has a three times higher number of neurons than us is still not super intelligent. What's the deal with neurons, neurons acquire large amount of energy to operate. The connections are costly to save energy. It kind of cachet is the connections. Say you learn to drive a car. The neurons form a new route inside your brain every day. It gets stronger and stronger After a few months driving a car almost becomes automatic. Thanks to the synopsis connections among set of neurons you can use pre made connections to perform seamlessly. This synopsis caused most of the behaviors like a sportsman ability to react to challenge instinctively. As many as two million new neuron connections are made per second in an infant's brain many people get excited when they learn new things as new neuron connections are being established. Change in food habits was an important factor as well in human evolution. Our intelligence increased when he spent less time on gathering food through fire. We started cooking which reduced the load on our digestive system. Easy supply of energy to the brain has improved our intelligence. Human species strive. Human intelligence combines hereditary inhabits. Half of our I. Q. Is inherited while the rest comes from family and peers as we grow up, we express our own innate intelligence. We choose our environment that better suits our natural tendencies. There is a saying hereditary loads, the gun habits, spoil the trigger our brain and your ins are complex to understand the human brain. Project a large research team in Switzerland is trying build a working model of a human brain. Humans want to understand the brain and build a digital model. This may bring in digital immortality. Alcor life extension foundation is a pioneer in this domain. They freeze the human bodies in the hope that one day we may be able to revive them. Let's get into jeans which are fundamental units in every cell including neurons. Human genes plays a crucial role in our life. They decide our appearance how we survive and react to an environment. Various genes controls our behaviors but the genes themselves need to get switched on to show their strength, but our stress levels are directly linked to their ability to get activated. Our vulnerability to infection. Cancer and heart diseases are linked to stress. We undergo in fact how risk taking we are is decided by the length of a particular gene. We see some people are more risk taking than others dopamine level in our brain dictates the risk taking ability. People with long set of a particular gene have long responsiveness to dopamine. So they must take more adventurous approach with life to get the same excitement. Each organism through evolution is actually trying to pass the set of genes or information to its next generation. The genome seems an immortal and broken chain of link from the first gene to the genes active in your body now.